卡埃塔诺·维洛佐

Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso (Brazilian Portuguese: [kajˈtɐnu emɐnuˈɛw viˈɐnɐ ˈtɛliz veˈlozu]; born 7 August 1942) is a Brazilian singer-songwriter, musician, writer, and political activist. In the late 1960s, he helped develop Tropicália, a Brazilian musical movement that combined Brazilian popular music with rock and roll and avant-garde influences. Along with Gilberto Gil, Gal Costa, Tom Zé, and Os Mutantes, he participated in the 1968 collaborative album Tropicália: ou Panis et Circencis, which became a musical manifesto of the movement.

Veloso's anti-authoritarian political stance brought him into conflict with the Brazilian military dictatorship, which censored and banned some of his songs. He and Gil were arrested and eventually released on condition that they leave Brazil. They lived in exile in London before Veloso returned to Brazil in 1972. His subsequent work combined international musical styles with Brazilian folkloric traditions, and his popularity expanded outside Brazil during the 1980s.

Veloso has continued to record and perform internationally. He has received nine Latin Grammy Awards and two Grammy Awards, and in 2012 was named the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year.

Biography

Veloso was born in Santo Amaro da Purificação, Bahia, Brazil, the fifth of seven children of José Teles Veloso (1901–1983) and Claudionor Viana Teles Veloso (1907–2012). His childhood was influenced greatly by artistic endeavors: he was interested in both literature and filmmaking as a child, but focused mainly on music. The musical style of bossa nova and João Gilberto, one of its most prominent exponents, were major influences on Veloso's music as he grew up. Veloso was 17 years old when he first heard Gilberto, whom he describes as his "supreme master". He recognizes Gilberto's contribution to Brazilian music as new—"illuminating" the tradition of Brazilian music and paving the way for future innovation. Veloso moved to the Bahian port city of Salvador as a teenager, the city in which Gilberto lived, and a center of Afro-Brazilian culture and music.

In 1965, Veloso moved again to Rio de Janeiro, with his sister Maria Bethânia, also a musician. Shortly after the move, Veloso won a lyrics contest for his composition "Um Dia" and was signed to Philips Records. On 21 October 1967, Veloso won fourth prize and gained a standing ovation at the third annual Brazil Popular Music Festival with his song "Alegria, Alegria". on which he was backed by São Paulo group Beat Boys; along with the performance of his friend Gilberto Gil, who was backed by psychedelic band Os Mutantes, this marked the first time that rock bands had performed at the festival. During this period, Veloso, Bethânia, Gilberto Gil, Gal Costa, Tom Zé, and Os Mutantes developed "Tropicalismo", which fused Brazilian pop with rock and roll and avant-garde music. Veloso describes the movement as a wish to be different - not "defensive" like the right-wing Brazilian military government, which vehemently opposed the movement. Although Gil and Veloso's performances at the 1967 MBP Festival were rapturously received, within a year, Tropicalismo had become a deeply divisive issue among Brazil's youth audience, with Marxist-influenced college students of the Brazilian left wing condemning Tropicalismo, because they believed it commercialized Brazilian traditional music by incorporating musical influence from other cultures, specifically the United States.